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GNM 1st Year | Anatomy & Physiology

Practice multiple-choice questions on the Circulatory System for GNM examination preparation.

Test your knowledge of the heart, chambers, valves, cardiac conduction system, cardiac cycle, blood vessels, circulation, blood pressure and pulse with these GNM 1st Year Anatomy & Physiology MCQs.

Try answering each question before checking the answer and explanation.

Before testing yourself with these MCQs, review the Circulatory System theory notes for GNM 1st Year and then practise the important Circulatory System questions.

MCQs on Circulatory System

1. How many chambers are present in the human heart?

1. Two
2. Three
3. Four
4. Five

Answer: C. Four

Explanation: The human heart has two atria and two ventricles.

2. Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from most of the body?

1. Left atrium
2. Right atrium
3. Left ventricle
4. Right ventricle

Answer: B. Right atrium

Explanation: The right atrium receives blood returning from the systemic circulation through the superior and inferior vena cava.

3. Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta?

1. Right atrium
2. Right ventricle
3. Left atrium
4. Left ventricle

Answer: D. Left ventricle

Explanation: The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta for systemic circulation.

4. Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

1. Mitral valve
2. Aortic valve
3. Tricuspid valve
4. Pulmonary valve

Answer: C. Tricuspid valve

Explanation: The tricuspid valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle.

5. Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?

1. Tricuspid valve
2. Mitral valve
3. Pulmonary valve
4. Aortic valve

Answer: B. Mitral valve

Explanation: The mitral, or bicuspid, valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle.

6. Which structure normally acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?

1. AV node
2. SA node
3. Bundle of His
4. Purkinje fibres

Answer: B. SA node

Explanation: The sinoatrial node normally initiates the electrical impulse that starts each heartbeat.

7. Where is the SA node located?

1. Left ventricle
2. Right ventricle
3. Right atrium
4. Left atrium

Answer: C. Right atrium

Explanation: The SA node is located in the right atrium.

8. What is systole?

1. Relaxation of the heart
2. Contraction of the heart
3. Filling of the lungs
4. Exchange of gases

Answer: B. Contraction of the heart

Explanation: Systole refers to the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle.

9. What is diastole?

1. Contraction
2. Relaxation
3. Blood clotting
4. Gas exchange

Answer: B. Relaxation

Explanation: Diastole is the relaxation phase during which the heart chambers fill with blood.

10. Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

1. Vein
2. Capillary
3. Artery
4. Venule

Answer: C. Artery

Explanation: Arteries are defined by their direction of flow: they carry blood away from the heart.

11. Which blood vessels generally carry blood toward the heart?

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries
4. Arterioles

Answer: B. Veins

Explanation: Veins generally return blood toward the heart.

12. Which vessels are the major sites of exchange between blood and tissues?

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries
4. Aorta

Answer: C. Capillaries

Explanation: Capillaries have very thin walls that allow exchange of substances between blood and tissues.

13. Which artery carries deoxygenated blood?

1. Aorta
2. Coronary artery
3. Pulmonary artery
4. Carotid artery

Answer: C. Pulmonary artery

Explanation: The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs.

14. Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

1. Pulmonary arteries
2. Pulmonary veins
3. Venae cavae
4. Coronary veins

Answer: B. Pulmonary veins

Explanation: Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

15. Pulmonary circulation occurs between the:

1. Heart and kidneys
2. Heart and lungs
3. Heart and liver
4. Heart and brain

Answer: B. Heart and lungs

16. Systemic circulation carries blood between the heart and:

1. Lungs only
2. Body tissues
3. Stomach only
4. Kidneys only

Answer: B. Body tissues

17. Which blood vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation?

1. Pulmonary artery
2. Vena cava
3. Aorta
4. Pulmonary vein

Answer: C. Aorta

18. What is the main function of the coronary arteries?

1. Supply blood to the lungs
2. Supply blood to the myocardium
3. Return blood to the right atrium
4. Supply blood to the liver

Answer: B. Supply blood to the myocardium

Explanation: Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

19. Which layer of the heart wall is mainly responsible for contraction?

1. Endocardium
2. Pericardium
3. Myocardium
4. Epicardial cavity

Answer: C. Myocardium

20. Blood pressure is commonly measured in:

1. cm
2. mmHg
3. mL
4. kg

Answer: B. mmHg

Explanation: Blood pressure is conventionally expressed in millimetres of mercury (mmHg).

21. Which value in a blood pressure reading represents systolic pressure?

1. Lower value
2. Upper value
3. Average value only
4. Pulse value

Answer: B. Upper value

22. Which value represents diastolic blood pressure?

1. Upper value
2. Lower value
3. Pulse rate
4. Respiratory rate

Answer: B. Lower value

23. Which pulse is commonly assessed at the wrist?

1. Carotid pulse
2. Femoral pulse
3. Radial pulse
4. Popliteal pulse

Answer: C. Radial pulse

24. Which pulse site is located in the neck?

1. Radial
2. Carotid
3. Femoral
4. Dorsalis pedis

Answer: B. Carotid

25. Which structure carries blood from the left ventricle?

1. Pulmonary artery
2. Superior vena cava
3. Aorta
4. Pulmonary vein

Answer: C. Aorta

26. Which chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?

1. Right atrium
2. Right ventricle
3. Left atrium
4. Left ventricle

Answer: C. Left atrium

27. Which chamber pumps blood toward the lungs?

1. Left atrium
2. Left ventricle
3. Right atrium
4. Right ventricle

Answer: D. Right ventricle

28. Which valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle toward the left atrium?

1. Tricuspid valve
2. Mitral valve
3. Pulmonary valve
4. Aortic valve

Answer: B. Mitral valve

29. Which valve lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?

1. Aortic valve
2. Mitral valve
3. Pulmonary valve
4. Tricuspid valve

Answer: C. Pulmonary valve

30. Which valve lies between the left ventricle and aorta?

1. Tricuspid valve
2. Mitral valve
3. Pulmonary valve
4. Aortic valve

Answer: D. Aortic valve

Quick Revision Points

• The heart has four chambers.
• The SA node normally initiates the heartbeat.
• Systole means contraction.
• Diastole means relaxation.
• Arteries generally carry blood away from the heart.
• Veins generally carry blood toward the heart.
• Capillaries are important sites of exchange.
• Pulmonary circulation connects the heart and lungs.
• Systemic circulation connects the heart and body tissues.
• Blood pressure is expressed in mmHg.
• The radial pulse is commonly assessed at the wrist.

Conclusion

These MCQs cover the major concepts of the Circulatory System chapter for GNM 1st Year Anatomy & Physiology. Use them for self-assessment after studying the theory and before attempting examination question.